An explanation of monopoly, oligopoly, perfect...

The Australian market is a diverse economic ocean - it has different species of marine life (industries), different swells (market structure) and even hot and cold spots (public companies). One of the key determinates to a successful national economy is the structure of its markets. The main market structures are: 1. Monopoly 2. Oligopoly 3. Perfect Competition 4. Monopolistic Competition Each of these market structures have unique characteristics, and can be classified according to three factors. The degree of competition, the first factor, is important as it classifies markets into different market structures. It compares the relative sizes of firms, the amount of sellers (vendors) and the barriers of entry to the market. The†¦show more content†¦They can only accept the prevailing market price. There are no barriers for entry to the industry. Any firm can enter the market and the present sellers cant stop that firm from entering. Advertising is practically pointless in perfect competition - because the products are virtually indistinguishable from each other, the purpose of advertising is defeated. Perfect competition is a theoretical market structure. This means that in theory, it is possible, but it is not usually common practice in an economy. Australias fruit and vegetable market, however, would be the most similar. Monopolistic Competition: Monopolistic competition is a market in which a very limited number of very large firms operate, selling similar products. The main difference between the products of the companies is packaging and display. In monopolistic competition, advertising plays an extraordinarily important role - the companies need to distinguish between each others products, and come out saying that theirs is worth purchasing. Another great power in monopolistic competition is a concept known as brand loyalty. The consumer selects the brand that they prefer or appeals to them the most, and they always buy that over the competition. The best example of monopolistic competition would have to be Coke and Pepsi. Both companies release a similar beverage, both have their minor subtleties, and advertisingShow MoreRelatedSupply and Demand and Study Guide20292 Words   |  82 Pagesinvolved in its production. CONTENTS Contents 3 Introduction 5 An introduction to the economic perspective 13 Demand and supply 17 Elasticity 21 Market applications 25 The behaviour of firms and costs 31 Perfect competition 37 Monopoly 43 Monopolistic competition 47 Oligopoly 51 Economic performance, market failure and government intervention 55 Appendix: Guide to working successfully through the unit 63 INTRODUCTION Welcome to Microeconomics 1. In this unit of study, we intendRead More. 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In order to safeguard inventory, you need to check periodically to ascertain whether

Ethical Implications Of Ethical Leadership - 830 Words

â€Å"Ethical Leadership is defined as the demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of such conduct to followers through two-way communication, reinforcement and decision-making†¦ [and] the evidence suggests that ethical leader behaviour can have important positive effects on both individual and organizational effectiveness† (Rubin et al 2010: 216-17). Business ethics are moral principles that guide the way a business behaves. The same principles that determine an individual’s actions also apply to business. To practice ethics, it involves the understanding of right and wrong or making a right or wrong decision in business. The way business is run should be transparent and lawful (Mullins Christy, 2013). For example, companies’ products should not violate copyright and patents. Also, they should not use child labour in any business operation. However, to practice business ethics is not simple as companies need to stay competitive by reducing cost and committing illegal business-related actions. Therefore, ethical leadership comes into play as companies’ leaders are the key factor to reinforce ethics in their organisations. The Four V model of Ethical Leadership developed by Dr. Bill Grace based on his leadership research and personal passion in ethical issues. It is the framework that integrates the beliefs and values with behaviours and actions in order to enhance the commonShow MoreRelatedEthical, Moral, And Legal Implications Essay1463 Words   |  6 Pagesand respond to a variety of challenging circumstances. According to Manson (2012), there are four domains of ethical constructs that include codes of professional conduct, ethical principles, law, and personal/moral values (p. 262). As leaders, being prepared with knowledge related to these domains can support decisions. These steps include consideration for the nursing code of ethical conduct, state and federal health laws, and an awareness of personal morals/values. A conceptual framework shouldRead MoreEffective Leadership Skills During An Ethical Dilemma1464 Words   |  6 PagesEffective Leadership Skills during an Ethical Dilemma The purpose of this paper is to introduce ethical frameworks that can help solve an ethical dilemma. I will give an example of ethical issues encountered in a jail setting and an ethical dilemma that I experienced as a result of these ethical issues. I will analyze the moral, ethical, and legal implications that I used in this ethical dilemma. Furthermore, I will explain my leadership role as a patient advocate during this particular moral issueRead MoreLeadership, Trustworthiness and Ethical Stewardship Essay1183 Words   |  5 Pagesgood leader? Without an established trust relationship a leader is unable to be effective. The problem to be investigated is the value of trustworthiness and ethical stewardship in the construct of the organizational leadership model. This paper shall explore the co-functions of trust and ethical stewardship and its impact on leadership effectiveness. â€Æ' Introduction In 2012, there is very little allegiance or loyalty among organizational members. This is partly due to the recentRead MoreThe Demonstration Of Leadership By Craig Johnson Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesDemonstration of Leadership Craig Johnson wrote an article in November 2008 to evaluate the most controversial tenure of Carly Fiorina, the former Chief Executive Officer of Hewlett-Packard (HP), using the ethical leadership construct. In the article, Johnson generates several questions that relate to leadership and management practices. The evaluation of HP’s former Chief Executive Officer is influenced by the fact that the company experienced a decline in productivity within a short period afterRead MoreThe Chicago School Of Professional Psychology Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Luis A. Santiago-Gaetan The Chicago School of Professional Psychology Brief Introduction This paper contains a brief annotated bibliography of research articles selected on the specific research topic of the perceived institutional ethical behavior of US-based multinational corporations and its relationship with organizational longevity. Following the five peer-reviewed qualitative research articles. APA Annotation Aleksic, A. (2013). How Organizations Achieve Longevity: The Role ofRead MoreThe Evolution Of Business Ethics852 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness Ethics and Social Responsibility Dr. Andree Swanson May 17, 2015 Abstract Just as individuals differ, so do their ethical concepts and value arrangements. Personal guidelines or policies for everyday ethical conduct. Like all policies, a code of ethics must be capable of being enforced. Just as if people, corporations and businesses too, have their ethical concepts, systematic science, and a business philosophy they must follow to remain viable in today’s competitive business worldRead More Leadership Essay1072 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership New Aspects of Leadership A significant part of effective leadership is the close connection between the leader and the follower, which often determines the success of the leader’s mission. Unfortunately, this leader-follower relationship cannot be created according to some simple formula. Without inspiration, involvement, and encouragement from both participants, the relationship suffers. 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TechnologyRead MorePerceived Institutional Ethical Behavior Of Us Based Multinational Corporations And Its Relationship With Organizational Longevity Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesBrief Introduction This paper contains a brief annotated bibliography of research articles selected on the specific research topic of the perceived institutional ethical behavior of US-based multinational corporations and its relationship with organizational longevity. Following the five peer-reviewed qualitative research articles. APA Annotation Aleksic, A. (2013). How Organizations Achieve Longevity: The Role of Change Management in Building Their Sustainability. International journal of the academyRead MoreCase Study648 Words   |  3 PagesAssessment 2 of Managing Under Uncertainty (GSBS 6001) Individual Reflective Journal (Week 5-due on 26.06.2016). Topic: â€Å"Ethics in Management Decision.†-Ethical Decision Making. Done By Student Name: Khalid Bin Hossain Student ID# c3267875. Done For Lecturer: Nimay K. As we have to write an annotated bibliography on the topic â€Å"Ethics in management decision†, I along with my other group members (Poonam and Hilda) arranged a successful group meeting for week 5. On this meeting

Family Conflicts Free Essays

Family Conflicts There are a lot of things that could cause conflict among a family. Some like jealousy, infidelity, and the way you were raised. Jealousy is the natural counterpart of love; when you commit your love to one person, you want an exclusive commitment in return. We will write a custom essay sample on Family Conflicts or any similar topic only for you Order Now Anything that threatens that commitment, whether it is another person, a hobby, a job or a situation, causes jealousy. You want the attention of the person you love; when it is taken by another person, activity or thing, you are jealous for the one you love, and jealous of whatever is claiming that person’s attention. It can cause the family to fight often which causes family to drift apart which causes emotional problems between the parents and children. Infidelity affects everyone in a family not just the parents. The children take a large blow from it too. It can cause them to act out. Experts say children who learn about parental infidelity react similarly to children whose parents divorce, except the emotional responses to cheating are deeper and can have greater, longer-lasting impacts. Children who see a parent cheat lose trust in them because the parent was always telling them to be good. But in the end they were the ones misbehaving. The difference in between parents being raised can have a large impact on the family and how they raise their own children. If a parent was raised in a strict family they might want to pass that to their teaching styles of their own children. But if theres a strict parent and a free willing parent, they may not see eye to eye. That in turn would cause them to fight about how their children should be raised. Which could end up in a crazy custody battle. How to cite Family Conflicts, Essays

The Effectiveness of Organization-Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Organisational Effectiveness. Answer: The effectiveness is the simple act of desiring something and achieving it rightly. However, it is not so simple to describe the effectiveness or how exactly one achieves it, as there are multiple complicated ways. If the university in Sydney is more effective than the university in Melbourne is not so simple for me to answer. I will select a university, which is capable of representing other universities and analyze how the university is applying several strategies in order to achieve the effectiveness. The university will be acting as an education industry partner and an effective organization in the education business of Australia. Before that I will discuss and explain what effectiveness is or what its various aspects are. Effectiveness is producing the desired result and accomplishing the purpose (Darling-Hammond 2013). Effectiveness is a concept that has immediate implications in real life. The strong relationship between the theories and the practical implementation are at its core. I will discuss the five key criteria to evaluate the effectiveness. Efficiency is the first important criteria, which is basically the action part of it. Through efficiency the organization manages to perform tasks effectively without wasting the resources. I believe for an educational organization it is very important to be efficient in order to contribute effectively in the business market. A university like Victoria always focuses on utilizing the available resources at its fullest. Victoria University is a popular research and educational organization in the education industry. This Australian university has established partnership with Hong Kong, Germany, Singapore, Malaysia, India, China and USA helps it to establish its presence effectively in international network (Vu.edu.au 2017). Melbourne campus utilizes money invested by the foreign exchange students by offering them other tourism degrees. The study is designed so that it is desirable and achievable for any studen ts from other countries. The business school of the university has close relationship with the industry which enables the students to get academic excellence and hands on experience. An effective organization must meet the second criteria which is the reliability. All the information it is providing, should correlate with each other and deliver a single truth. Victoria University is in the 19th position in the list of top 50 Generation Y universities (Times Higher Education (THE) 2017). It received first grade rating from CEO magazine in their 2017 Global Ranking. The claim to offer limited number of students for each class, industry professional experts, various study options for international students and vale-for money. Their consistent good performance over the years has made them a reliable study option for foreign students, this is effectively adding to their financial benefit. The university possesses unique quality for self adapting human factors. Many universities fail to become effective organizations because they fail to adapt certain changes or needs. Recent controversies about the international students dissatisfaction in Australian universities have caused financial and organizational crisis for many universities in the country (Thecitizen.org.au 2016). The Victoria University with their free environment and various cultural exchange programs established it as an elegant organization, which takes it one step ahead to achieving effectiveness. Not only aspects related to ethics or organizational performance, their role and performance in the business is also important while measuring its effectiveness. Along with the education industry, the tourism, food beverage and hotel industries also get benefitted from the students studying in the university. 2009s Access Economics report reported that international students spend more than 4 billion on living and food expenses and more than 6 billion on tuition fees. The family and friends visit them occasionally which also increase the profit (Cameron 2010). Victoria University implements premium pricing because of their brand equity which results in effective business. All these parts a dd to the organizations synergy. The various departments and activities are integrated which is another criteria that contributes significantly to make it an effective organization. The support from the faculty, administrative staff, other staff and students make the effectiveness happen. However, most people or organizations believe that efficiency is enough to achieve the effectiveness, I disagree. After researching and analyzing various aspects of effectiveness I came to realize that several other criteria are as important as efficiency. Majority of the organizations only concentrate on the efficiency part and ignore the others. In this way overall effectiveness cannot be achieved. All the factors should be considered and utilized with equal importance in order to create the best of effectiveness. I believe the vision of the organization plays important role in the development of effectiveness. The values and vision of the organization lead it to achieve the effectiveness (Anders on 2016). The Victoria Universitys vision is to provide students with career based tertiary education (Vu.edu.au 2017). As I discussed the various strategies it is developing and implementing to fulfill its vision and mission and eventually achieving intended goals. External and internal stakeholders are the key drivers for any effective organization. Stakeholders are key drivers for any organizations successful financial run. The organization must protect the shareholder interest in order to sustain the effectiveness, which is strongly related to corporate social responsibilities (Benn, Dunphy and Griffiths 2014). The organization must promote the shareholder value in order to increase the effectiveness. Just like Victoria University takes initiatives to protect the stakeholders interest by updating the VLP partners about the programs and the student benefits. The university management leadership engages in a project related to stakeholder management to develop a coherent organizational effectiveness. The selection of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness was the primary challenge that I had to face in the initial phase of preparing materials for this essay. The criteria are all interlinked and work collaboratively in achieving the effectiveness. If an organization focuses on one particular criterion more and ignore the others achieving the effectives gets more difficult. That is the reason I chose a university which is working on all the aspects with equal importance and is marking its strong presence in Australian education market. I closely analyzed the criteria in relationship with the practical example and its activities. References Anderson, D.L., 2016.Organization development: The process of leading organizational change. Sage Publications. Benn, S., Dunphy, D. and Griffiths, A., 2014.Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Cameron, A. (2010).International students: in our best interests. [online] ABC News. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-11-10/international_students3a_in_our_best_interests/40900 [Accessed 19 Aug. 2017]. Darling-Hammond, L., 2013.Getting teacher evaluation right: What really matters for effectiveness and improvement. Teachers College Press. The Citizen. (2017).Study finds foreign students often underpaid, mistreated. [online] Available at: https://www.thecitizen.org.au/news/study-finds-foreign-students-often-underpaid-mistreated [Accessed 19 Aug. 2017]. Times Higher Education (THE). (2017).Young University Rankings 2017: top 50 Generation Y universities. [online] Available at: https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/young-university-rankings-2017-top-50-generation-y-universities [Accessed 19 Aug. 2017]. Vu.edu.au. (2017).International agents | Victoria University | Melbourne Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.vu.edu.au/study-at-vu/international-students/international-agents [Accessed 19 Aug. 2017]. Vu.edu.au. (2017).Vision, mission strategy | Victoria University | Melbourne Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.vu.edu.au/about-vu/vision-mission-strategy [Accessed 19 Aug. 2017].

The Black Swan Review Essay Example

The Black Swan Review Paper Essay on The Black Swan Socrates I only know that I know nothing is well suited to describe the main ideas of the book by Nassim Nicholas Talebs Black Swan. Under the sign of unpredictability. For many years, Taleb explores the problem of black swans ie, absolutely unpredictable events, of them same and colorfully depicts in the book The book is divided into 4 parts:. 1. Antibiblioteka Umberto Eco, or about finding evidence Taleb tells his life story, introduces the concept of Black Swan, tells the story of the worlds Srednestana in which we are taught to live and the world Kraynestana in which we actually inhabit 2. We can not foresee the name speaks for itself, especially criticism of long-term economic (and other) forecasts 3.. Gray swans Kraynestana criticism of the Gaussian distribution and the mathematical apparatus Taleb We will write a custom essay sample on The Black Swan Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Black Swan Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Black Swan Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 4.. Final The basic idea Taleb is that the world is full of black swans unpredictable events, which at one point tremendously change our world or the lives of people who have experienced them. Especially indicative financial statistics on the exchange trading in the past 50 years, where the bulk of revenue has been received within 10 days all in different years. Taleb, as a trader, mostly, of course, adheres to economic borders. In the book, Taleb open and a lot of criticism of experts, teaches the reader to not rely entirely on the expert opinion. Somewhere leads this quite strong evidence, somewhere in there. In general, the book is entertaining, is positively charged and a moderate attitude of healthy skepticism, which gives an interesting point of view on the theory of probability. Can be interesting to a wider audience. However, in spite of the interesting topic and the excitement with which the narrator draws the reader into their theories, have books and quite significant drawbacks. The first, basic, and quite unforgivable Taleb, is that the author is quite a long time at the beginning of the book, for a few dozen pages, says, they say Now, now, the main thing the experience, and a little further, I will explain to you all with specific examples. Even the phrase gives amazing that I liked wildly: Ideas come and go, stories remain. Thats how. Handsomely. Exactly. And in the end? Shish you with gulkin nose stories. The lions share of all reinforcing the idea of ​​Talebs stories is the authors thought experiments The second drawback -. Excessive volume. Author revolves around the same themes and ideas, by repeating them from chapter to chapter. As a result, the readers attention is scattered, not concentrated, it becomes boring, automatically blokiruesh repetitions. Conciseness would give the material greater value The third -. Despite the fact that the author argues that it is necessary to look at the world more widely, he adheres only their theories, at times, seems to confuse cause and effect. Too clearly divided into black and white. The example of a swimmers body. First Taleb says that initially believed that the swimmers body is formed by training. But then I realized because man has become swimmer is due to the fact that he has such a body, ie, genetically predisposed! Mol dwarf will not go to the swimmers, and if you go it grows up at the expense of training. But, for some reason, is not considered the relationship model that a) a person becomes a swimmer due to genetic predispositions; b) the final swimmers body (here, though you can argue about the meaning of the word in the sense of Figure) formed because of the training .

Emerson and Individualism Essays

Emerson and Individualism Essays Emerson and Individualism Paper Emerson and Individualism Paper Essay Topic: College application Why do some humans succumb to peer pressure and so desperately want to be a part of the popular crowd? Clearly, those who apply such behavior to their daily lives lose their sense of self-being and mold to the ideas, behaviors, and opinions of the masses. Although some people still conform, a large movement towards the individual has begun to make an appearance. The successful beings of our society appear to think for themselves as well as participate in their own beliefs.This attribute of our modern society today reflects the philosophy of Emerson: individualism. We decide our own fate based on our individual actions and decisions. By not conforming to the ideas of others, each person can reach their fullest potential happiness and contribute to society at a higher level. At one point in my high school career, I did anything and everything to fit in with the â€Å"popular† girls of my class. Every day, I worried that they would not like my outfit or that I would say something stupid.I constantly felt as if I were walking in a room full of broken glass, trying to avoid sharp shards with every step I took. It was not until this year that I realized what a folly I had participated in these last two years when a group of girls at my lunch table said nasty things about one of their friends when she left the table. At this point on, I decided I would find new friends. I didn’t choose friends in any particular formed group, only those who I enjoyed spending time around.This action granted me the power to be an individual. I fear no judgment of my beliefs nor my opinions and when I participate in any event, gossip, or beliefs, they are on my own accord, not to impress anyone, but to fulfill my happiness of which I can only fulfill by being myself, an individual. Another place to be an individual today is in one’s college applications. Upon visiting Princeton and several other schools of highly sought after education, I came home with the knowledge that the admission offices at hese schools want to see a personality of each individual and see this personality reflected in one’s activity choices throughout one’s high school career. When applying to a highly ranked school, it is necessary in today’s day and age to incorporate individualism into one’s life so one can stand out in their applications and have success in admittance so one can pursue the lifestyle of one’s beliefs and hopes and use the education received to contribute what one is capable of to society.Lastly, the interests and choice of daily actions of one’s life creates an individual. In centuries past, one who found interest and had knowledge on topics unknown to all were shunned. Today, people seek out uncommon hobbies and interests to lead a more interesting life than their friends, their coworkers, or next-door neighbors. Some choose to skydive while others dive into a world of romantic historic foreign films. I myself find a great interest in the cultural histories of other nations as well as a love for unusual foods such as sushi, liver pate, and escargot.Each person who can call one’s self an individual today has interests and participates in activities that define who he or she is. Emerson’s philosophy that focused upon the individual is present in our modern world. Many people have come to adopt this philosophy and apply it to their lifestyles. No longer does the common opinion influence and affect a majority of the masses. Will the increase in the use of technology lead to the loss of individualism in the future years to come?

Contingency Planning in Action Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Contingency Planning in Action - Term Paper Example The organization specializes with offering cloud-computing services where other individuals and organizations would rely on in matters of keeping sensitive information and easy access and retrieval of the same whenever required at a fee. The organization has its headquarters and the main office in Johannesburg in South Africa though plans are underway of establishing constituent operating sub ventures in the western countries where it supposes the business would thrive. It currently operates with an employee base of hardly forty technicians due to its small capacity in operation and for the reason that few experts are required to carry out the lump some work of handling the data technologically. It therefore provides solutions to small and medium business ventures in Africa in matters of data where the benefit to the clients would be through lowered costs of operations. In order to add capacity or improve capabilities of functionality of an organization having not to invest in person nel training, licensing news software as well as investing in new infrastructure, the emerging trend is in adopting the cloud computing services from such providers as the Africaninvestments data handlers. ... Moreover, a new business niche would be created in offering security as a service, which would specialize in single, as well as multi-tier security provision and which would effective in being unpredictable to the hackers. The primary functions of the Africaninvestments data handlers organization is to offer data storage and handling facilities to the business fraternity as well as to individual persons who would like to have their data stored away from own systems in order to ensure secrecy and security. However, just as is the case with all other businesses, it is worth noting that the organization suffers specific challenges especially those associated with the secrecy and security of the data being handled. Kuyoro and team studied the security issues as well as challenges that are posed by cloud computing with attention on the types of cloud computing services and the types of service delivery. The study found that cloud computing often deal with social networks and online softwa re applications for data storage as well as transfer. The fear of the ‘too much’ exposure of an organization’s data and information raises the concern of exactly how much the environment is within the era of cloud computing. Actually, this has been pointed out to be their major reason of the slow acceptance of the cloud. Cloud providers are definitely hesitant in disclosing their infrastructure to their clients, which confirms the fears of the clients to how much one is to trust the providers with their sensitive data and information. Through intensive review of literature from past studies, the research study established the following to be the main concerns in security of cloud computing. Compromise of data

Research paper that is about Obama Care Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

That is about Obama Care - Research Paper Example Since the law requires that all Americans should have health insurance by 2014, Obama care is created to ensure this target to be achieved. It does not alter the way insurance is received and one can normally purchase a private insurance or get an employer based insurance. Moreover, the insurance can be obtained through a government program like Medicaid or Medicare. Obama care simply adds new opportunity to the health care and a new way to buy the insurance. It is available for purchasing through  State  Health Insurance  Marketplaces. Along with the benefits and compensations that usual insurance provides to its owner, Obama care offers a number of  new benefits and rights as well as protections  that include provisions for young adults to stay on their insurance plan till they become twenty- six. It also can be stopped from dropping an individual when one is sick. The new program prevents against gender discrimination. It also gives an opportunity to a rapid appeal of the insurance company decisions, it is possible also to enlarge the coverage of the insurance to tens of millions,  subsidize health insurance costs and require all the insurance companies to cover people with  pre- existing conditions. New rights according to the Obama care  also include the options that most health insurance  programs for elders cover. It offers  preventive services  and ensures with more new important health benefits. Other health benefits are  the emergency care, hospitalization, prescription of drugs, materni ty care and newborn care. Along with these availabilities, there are free preventive possibilities that include check- ups on the year basis, immunization activities, counseling and screenings. More than hundred million Americans have already felt these benefits. These cases have touched critical preventive activities for free, thus saving billions of

Teaching in clinical practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Teaching in clinical practice - Essay Example As far as nursing practice is concerned, reflection is a process by which one focuses on the interaction between oneself and the environment, including colleagues, in a particular situation, with intentions to examine and evaluate the interactions. â€Å"Reflection gives scope for better understanding of oneself so that existing strengths can be used to build-up for future actions" (Somerville and Keeling, 2004). While reflection is the key to successful learning process, current literature plays a major role in these developments. Through updated journals and texts, present studies by critics and writers, we are able to meet the goals for the improvement of analytical thinking skills such as being able to identify problems that might arise, being aware to new or different ideas, and anticipating the consequences of one’s actions. According to Brandon and All (2010), many nurse educators continue teaching the way they have been doing, despite the need for reforms. However, pe dogogical research has indicated the need for change in nursing curricula. The emphasis is to shift from traditional courses to concept-based courses which com across across clinical settings. In order to accomplish such a useful change, it is very important for the nurse teacher to understand the role of "the rapidly advancing profession" (Hamner and Wilder, 2001; cited in (Brandon and All, 2010). In using reflection as a tool for the development of the professional nursing practice, a plan can be designed to meet the goals of the reflective activity by recording thoughts, observations, feelings, activities and questions (Burns and Grove, 1997). Through this, the effective practitioner can be challenged to think in new ways, raise new questions and explore new ways of problem-solving. Thus reflection is key for successful learning outcomes and literature plays a major role in such developments. In this essay, reflection on the methods, strategies and outcomes of teaching students a bout drug administration will be done with reference to current literature. Reflection and critical analysis Gibbs Model of Reflection will be used for evaluation and examination of the teaching methods and outcomes because the framework is straight forward and includes a cycle of clear description of the clinical situation, analysis of the feelings of the practitioner, evaluation of the actions during the situation, analysis of the various activities and experiences during the situation and a conclusion for lessons in future (Online learning, 2006). Description of the teaching process Student nurses were taught about administration of drugs in nursing practice. The aims of the teaching session was to enhance the knowledge of the student about the safe drug administration. The objectives and learning outcomes of the teaching session were: 1. To know the common causes of medication errors 2. To know the right method of administration of medication 3. To know the different routes of a dministration of medication and nursing considerations pertaining to those routes. 4. To know the importance of understanding the reason prior to dispensing the medication. 5. To know strategies to assure proper, clear, concise and easily understood methods of documentation of drug administration. 6. To be aware of patient safety goals. Procedural instruction in the teaching sess

The real food company

The real food company The real food company 1.0 Background of EAT the real food company: Eat was founded in 1996 with ambition of providing the best food, soup and coffee in London at reasonable prices. The first shop was opened at Villers street, WC2, London. At present EAT with 100 shops continue to strive for highest possible quality of food, service and shop standards in the same way they used to do since from the beginning. EATs secret of success is in their kitchen, they make all food products on their own i.e. they dont buy a single mass produced sandwich, soup or salad from any supplier. They offer variety of foods like sandwiches, soups, pies, salads, wraps, sushi, desserts, baked goods, breakfast, cold drinks juices and great coffees. 2.0 Planning process and its importance: Planning is a formalised procedure to produce an articulated result, in the form of an integrated system of decisions. The importance of planning to organisations will help in co-ordinating their activities; to make sure that their business is accounted for future and to have control on the business. Chernev (2009) describes marketing management consists of three step process and they are analysing the situation, developing an action plan and implementing the plan. Situation analysis will help in providing the overview of the company and environment in which it operates and also it helps in identifying potential markets to compete. It begins with analysing five key factors which are as follows as identified by Chernev (2009). Potential customers- Most of the EAT shops are located near offices, tourist places and transit places. So their major customers are tourists, workers and tourists visiting to London. Companys goals- EAT goal is to provide best food, soup and coffee in London at reasonable prices. Collaborators- Competitors- EAT companys potential competitors are Pret a Manger, Starbucks, McDonald and KFC. All these companies are also in the same market targeting same customers. Economic, social-cultural, technological, regulatory and physical factors- The current economic situation of the UK is under recession. Many people are unemployed and still losing their jobs. Recession has had an impact on tourist coming from different parts of the UK, as well as from other parts of the world. Social-cultural effect on EAT has had a very little impact on its business, because the type of food EAT produces suits the eat habits of most of the Londoners. Except the fact that London is multi cultural ethnicity, and among them most of the Muslim community and they do not eat non-veg food other than halal ones. According to official research collated for The Times as cited in Kerbaj (2009) Muslim population in Britain has grown by more than 500,000 to 2.4 million in just four years. Technology has had a significant effect on the EAT business, the introduction of readymade coffee machines reduced the customer waiting time and increased the productivity of the business. 3.0 Internal analysis of EAT 3.1 Mc Kinsey 7-S frame work: Mc Kinseys 7-S recognises seven important factors for internal effectiveness and efficiency of an organisation. The key elements of 7-S are as follows and is depicted in the below figure. Strategy: EAT prepares all food products in their own kitchen, and do not buy any single mass produced sandwich from any supplier. One day is the shelf life of all products for maximum freshness and quality Structure: Each EAT shop has shop manager, assistant shop manager followed by team leader, lead barista and team member. Skills: Employees of EAT are skilled in preparing delicious sandwiches, soups, pies, salads, desserts, and drinks. Moreover they are also skilled at delivering great customer services. Staff: EAT staff get training in their academy, and recognised for doing a great job. They are further encouraged to improve on personal development. All these factors motivate the employees and increases their productivity and loyalty to organisation. Style: EAT is adopting team management style in Blake and Mouton managerial grid as cited in Mullins (2005) which gives equally high concern to productivity as well as to the staff. This type of management style is the best in the business. Systems: EAT follows the system of delivering best quality food, along with it providing friendly and fun experience to every customers. Shared values: EAT believes in honest, simple and natural work space environment providing quality food and great customer service. 3.2 Advantages and disadvantages of Mckinsey 7-S Advantages: This tool covers the almost every aspect of the business and all major parts of the firm. This tool helps in analysing the internal situation of the organisation. This tool helps in implementing the organisational changes once the organisation has understood its internal situation. Disadvantages: A detailed case study on the firm is required to analyse it using this tool. This tool does not consider about the external factors influencing the organisation and presents only of the internal situation of firm. All the 7-S of Mckinsey are interrelated and if any one element is changed it affects others as well. 4.0 External analysis of EAT 4.1 PEST analysis 4.1.1 Political factors: Elections will be held before May 2010 and new government may alter the environmental rules which will have low impact on the organisation. Labour government might win the upcoming elections, and increase the basic pay rise of an employee which will have high impact on the firm. Customer protection law has a great impact on the firm especially for service and hospitality organisation. EAT has to ensure that it provides sufficient information about the food they produce and its ingredient. 4.1.2 Economical factors: Current market is struggling with recession; many people have lost the jobs and still losing it. It has negative impact on the firm. The firm has to pay tax for the government. 4.1.3 Social factors: London is a multi ethnic city, so eating habits of the people differs from person to person. This factor has a medium impact on the firm. Lifestyle of the people has a great impact on the firm. Now a days people like to carry their food along with them, rather than sitting and eating in the restaurant. Considering the fact that Muslim population in Britain has grown by more than 500,000 to 2.4 million in just four years, according to official research collated for The Times as cited in Kerbaj (2009). This factor has a medium impact on the firm. 4.1.4 Technological factors: Technology has been evolving and there is no end for it, introduction of readymade coffee machine have had a great impact on sales reducing the customer waiting time. Internet has a strong impact on the business helping customers to know about the locations of EAT braches near to place where they live or work. Also they get to know about the variety of products they make. 4.2 Advantages and disadvantages of PEST analysis: Advantages: This tool helps in determining the external factors which have positive and negative impact on the firms growth. This tool helps in identifying its business survival according to the surroundings. This tool is simple and only costs time to do. Disadvantages: This tool tells focuses only on the external environmental analysis based on assumptions. But in reality assumptions may go wrong and strategy is not of worth. This tool covers only external environment, but the results to need to be considered along with other factors for example firm itself, competitors and type of industry in which it is operating. Changes in the environment make this tool difficult to implement developments and it will affect the firm in the future. 4.2 Porters five forces Industry rivalry: EAT is in food industry sector where in, there are lot of other big competitors like Pret a manger, Star bucks coffee, McDonalds and KFC. These companies are also well settled in the business and have good market share. So industry rivalry among the competitors is high because of too many competitors in the same market. Supplier power: The supplier has a low bargaining power with firm because, because there are lot of suppliers producing the same raw materials for the food industry sector. Buyer power: Since EAT business is retail one the buyer power has less influence on its business. On the contrary, care should be taken to deliver quality food and great customer service if not it brings bad reputation to the business. The effect of it will be losing customers in large proportion. New entrants: It is very difficult for a new entrant to start business in the same industry as EAT is doing. Because since EAT is in hospitality sector, it takes years to get recognised with quality food and great customer service. Threat of substitutes: Now a days people are turning to readymade packed foods which are convenient to carry to their work places or homes. Because of recession as the prices of packed foods are cheap they are attracted to them. Advantages of porters five forces: This tool helps in identifying the profitability of a new product or business. It helps in identifying who has better power buyer or supplier. Disadvantages of porters five forces: It does not account the rapid changes that are happening in present world, so even a new entrant can come with some new methods and straight away make profits. 5.0 SWOT analysis Strengths Skills of employees. Strategy of firm. Trained employees in cooking delicious foods and delivering great customer service. Wide range of food products in menu. Brand reputation doesnt allow new entrants to succeed immediately. Opportunities Joint ventures with supermarkets to increase the market share. Introduction of online order and delivery systems. Introduction of low priced food products consisting of only basic ingredients. Weakness High priced food products. Limited funds available to expand the business. Inconsistence of quality and service across all branches. Threats Recession has had an impact on the business. Changing eat habits of the people. Similar products offered by other companies at low price. 6.0 Ansoff matrix: The EAT can make profits by stepping into product development by adopting one of the two strategies introducing online delivery system to their products gives tough competition to Pret a manger that are already in the same business. Because there are some factors which are in favour of this purpose and they are weather conditions may hamper the interest of going to restaurants and some people want to enjoy their meals at their residence itself. The second strategy EAT can adopt is introduction of low priced food products. According to Farnham (2009) most of the people are abandoning restaurants and are turning to low priced food products because of recession. EAT can turn to low priced food range by reducing the number of ingredients but not all comprising with quality or service. 7.0 Marketing Mix elements Product: According to Chernev (2009) a product should have certain features that make it unique in the market. EATs products are known for its delicious and high quality, but introduction of Halal foods in their menu will attract handsome of customers to their restaurant. As we have discussed in the external environment analysis, London is a multi ethnicity city and in it Muslim population is increasing day by day. It has grown to more than 500,000 to 2.4 million in just four years Kerbaj (2009). Price: EATs food price has had a significant effect on the customer behaviour, as majority of them were abandoning the restaurants and are turning to basic foods with less ingredients in it. Because of recession many people are losing their jobs and reducing their level of expenditure and trying to save money. Introduction of low priced foods with less ingredients but not comprising with quality of food will help in attracting the customers. Place: Most of the EAT shops are located near commercial places, tourist places and transit places which are easily accessible places by people. However to increase further sales of the firm, it is suggestible to implement online order and delivery systems with the help of internet technology. In this way it can target the customers who are of big families and like to have meals at their premises itself. Promotion: EAT has to promote its brand in one of the fastest way of communication channels. By advertising in the daily news paper, radio channels, local television channels in London, internet and by leaflet distribution it has chances of promoting its new products in the market. References Chernev, A. (2009) Strategic marketing management 5th edition. Bright star media, Inc.: Chicago, USA. Eat (2009a) www.eat.co.uk [online] available from: http://www.eat.co.uk/pages/facts.html [accessed on: 26 November 2009] Farnham, J. (2009) Recession bites into eating habits, June [online] available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8124352.stm [accessed on : 24 November 2009] Doyle, P. and Stern, P. (2006) Marketing management and strategy 4th edition. Pearson education ltd.: Harlow, England. Fifield, P. (2007) Marketing strategy: The difference between marketing and markets. 3rd edition. Elsevier ltd: London, UK. Kerbaj, R. (2009) www.timesonline.co.uk January 30 2009 [online] available from: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article5621482.ece [accessed on: 01 December 2009]

Critical Analysis of Group Work Essay -- Organizational Dynamics, Grou

After completing the group task of preparing a presentation on, transferring individual facilitation skills into a group work setting I will critically reflect upon my own participation. I will evaluate my self-awareness while working in the group, as well as those around me. The way that I personally dealt with any issues that arose within the group and how that affected the group dynamics. I will also briefly discuss the roles in which each member of the group took and how role allocation affected, the group dynamics and the working relationships. Finally I will evaluate my work having discussed it with my fellow group members. In order to evaluate my role within the group it is important to identify what makes a group. A group must firstly consist of more than three members, â€Å"Two members have personal relationships; with three or more there is a change in quality† of the personal relationship. (Bion 1961, p26) The group must have a common purpose or a goal in order to succeed. Having now completed my group work task, I can look back and reflect upon the process that my group went thought it get to the presentation end point. Firstly my group had to form (Kottler, Englar-Carlson 2010 p.93). There are many theories on how groups come together and the stages they go though. Tuckman is a commonly used theories due to the simple nature of his five stage theory. Tuckman believes that in order for a group to form they must go through his five stages: forming, storming, norming and performing (Tuckman 1965 p.17). In 1977 along side Jensen Tuckman added mourning to his process. Tuckman’s theory of development claims, â€Å"In the first stage of team development or organization, individuals come together to establish the ground ru... ...in Groups and other papers. London: Tavistock Publications. BENSON, J.E. 1987. Working More Creatively with Groups. 2nd edn. London: Routledge COREY, G. COREY, M.S. CALLANAN, P. RUSSELL, J.M. 2004. Group Techniques. 3rd edn. London: Thomson Learning COREY, M.S. COREY, G. COREY, C. 2010. Groups: Process and Practice. 8TH edn. Canada: Brooks/ Cole JAMES, N. 2010. Individual and Group Work Facilitation Skills. Newport: Newport University Press. KOTTLER, J.A. ENGLAR-CARLSON, M. 2010. Learning Group Leadership, An Experiential Approach. 2nd edn. London: Sage TUCKMAN, B. 1965. Developmental Sequences in Small Groups. Psychological Bulletin 63, p 384 – 99. cited in DOEL, M. and SAWDON, C. (2001). The Essential Group Worker: Teaching and Learning Creative Group Work. London: J Kingsley. SCHNEIDER, M. 2003. Building a Team. New York: Delmar Learning Critical Analysis of Group Work Essay -- Organizational Dynamics, Grou After completing the group task of preparing a presentation on, transferring individual facilitation skills into a group work setting I will critically reflect upon my own participation. I will evaluate my self-awareness while working in the group, as well as those around me. The way that I personally dealt with any issues that arose within the group and how that affected the group dynamics. I will also briefly discuss the roles in which each member of the group took and how role allocation affected, the group dynamics and the working relationships. Finally I will evaluate my work having discussed it with my fellow group members. In order to evaluate my role within the group it is important to identify what makes a group. A group must firstly consist of more than three members, â€Å"Two members have personal relationships; with three or more there is a change in quality† of the personal relationship. (Bion 1961, p26) The group must have a common purpose or a goal in order to succeed. Having now completed my group work task, I can look back and reflect upon the process that my group went thought it get to the presentation end point. Firstly my group had to form (Kottler, Englar-Carlson 2010 p.93). There are many theories on how groups come together and the stages they go though. Tuckman is a commonly used theories due to the simple nature of his five stage theory. Tuckman believes that in order for a group to form they must go through his five stages: forming, storming, norming and performing (Tuckman 1965 p.17). In 1977 along side Jensen Tuckman added mourning to his process. Tuckman’s theory of development claims, â€Å"In the first stage of team development or organization, individuals come together to establish the ground ru... ...in Groups and other papers. London: Tavistock Publications. BENSON, J.E. 1987. Working More Creatively with Groups. 2nd edn. London: Routledge COREY, G. COREY, M.S. CALLANAN, P. RUSSELL, J.M. 2004. Group Techniques. 3rd edn. London: Thomson Learning COREY, M.S. COREY, G. COREY, C. 2010. Groups: Process and Practice. 8TH edn. Canada: Brooks/ Cole JAMES, N. 2010. Individual and Group Work Facilitation Skills. Newport: Newport University Press. KOTTLER, J.A. ENGLAR-CARLSON, M. 2010. Learning Group Leadership, An Experiential Approach. 2nd edn. London: Sage TUCKMAN, B. 1965. Developmental Sequences in Small Groups. Psychological Bulletin 63, p 384 – 99. cited in DOEL, M. and SAWDON, C. (2001). The Essential Group Worker: Teaching and Learning Creative Group Work. London: J Kingsley. SCHNEIDER, M. 2003. Building a Team. New York: Delmar Learning

Jasmine by Bharati Mukherjee

Kelsey Johnson Dr. Michele levy ENGL 336 April 14, 2013 Weekly Informal Response 1a. â€Å"Kureishi’s articulation of his identity crisis is both an index of the pain of feeling devoid of secure roots, and also something we might use as a pivotal moment when thinking about the creative necessities of migrancy and diaspora†¦living ‘in-between’ different nations, ‘of, and not of’ each place, feeling neither here nor there, unable to indulge in sentiments of belonging to either location, defined by others in often unflattering ways. † (Beginning Postcolinalism, p. 47) 1b. The above quote from our theory text describes the feeling of not belonging somewhere due to an identity crisis. This crisis was described as coming from the fact that one was not from a certain region, or may not â€Å"belong† to the group of that particular region. For example, I may be seen as odd or not belonging in a region full of white Irishmen and they would m ake it known I don’t belong in these said â€Å"unflattering† ways. 1c. In the novel Jasmine, she is continuously moving and suffering because of this identity crisis tied to her constant migration.For example, when Jyoti’s first husband is killed she does not do the traditional burning of her own body with her husband; but she moves to Florida. During her travels and attempts to obtain citizenship in America, Jyoti endures the horrible conditions that come with illegal immigration; For example, secrecy, hunger, rape, and even murder. All of this because she ‘isn’t’ of’ this nation†¦? The text says, â€Å"I wanted to become the person they thought they saw: humorous, intelligent, refined, affectionate. Not illegal, not murderer, not widowed, raped, destitute, fearful.In Flushing, I had lived defensively in the midst of documented rectitude. I did not want to live legally if it also meant living like a refugee. † (Jasmine, p . 171) 2a. â€Å"In this section, we shall consider the extent to which Western feminist discourses are able to address the double colonization of women living in once-colonised societies and in Western locations†¦John Thieme has explained that ‘Western feminist writers and theorists have frequently seen parallels between their struggles and those of post-colonial women and have particularly identified with women who suffer â€Å"double colonization† (BP, p. 06) 2b. The above quote describes the relationship between â€Å"first world† and â€Å"third world† women. Of course, third world countries are those that exist below the poverty line and struggle to survive. Theime says that feminist writers often see similarities between the lives of their subjects as well as their own. 2c. I believe the entire novel â€Å"Jasmine† is a prime example of the relationship described above; how feminist writers connect with their subjects and audiences due to â€Å"double colonization†.In our novel, Mukherjee writes about the life story of Jyoti and notices similarities in their lives, not because they have the same exact life story, but because of their struggles as women in society. For instance, Jyoti took control of her own life and created her own destiny (despite starting over several times); also because she is a woman and isn’t expected to have much control over her own life. This is also shown in other novels we’ve read. 3a. These â€Å"in-between† spaces provide the terrain of elaborating strategies of selfhood – singular or communal – that initiate new signs of ‘identity’†¦ Bhabha also opposes the idea of a sovereign or essentialised subject. For Bhabha and Spivak identity is a discursive product. Second, because subjectivity is discursively produced, it is possible for it to be remade and remodeled in new and innovative ways – hence his attention to the pro cesses of ‘articulation’ and ‘elaboration’ in the quotation. The border is a place of possibility and agency for new concepts, new narratives, new ideas.Third, the new ‘signs’ of identity which are possible impact upon both individuals and groups. † (BP, p. 252) 3b&c. The above quote speaks about the crossing of physical borders and how they coincide with the crossing of imaginary borders within oneself. For instance, when a person moves from one geographical location to another, they seem to move from one persona to another. This was DEFINITELY seen throughout the novel Jasmine. As the narrator moved, she changed identities and personalities.

Muhamad Ali essays

Muhamad Ali essays Boxing is often referred to as the "Manly Art of Self Defense." It is a respectable sport that is rough. Boxing takes place in a sixteen to twenty four foot square area that is known as a boxing ring. To be a great Boxer a person would consist of fast, having great strength, stamina and haveing a mind that is in full control. One boxer that I know of that has all of the traits I just listed is Muhammad Ali. Ali was raised in a small home in Louisville, Kentucky. Ali began taking boxing lessons when he was twelve years old.He spent his teen years at the gym, molding both his body and mind into true campion.As a high school student, he won the national Golden Gloves middleweight championship in 1959 and 1960 and the AAU national light heavyweight title in 1960, then went on to a gold medal in the Olympic light heavyweight division. He had his first professional fight on October 29, 1960. Ali was a underdog when he met Sonny Liston for the heavyweight championship on February 25, 1964.. But he won the fight when Liston failed to come out for the 8th round. This win made Muhammad Ali the heavy weight champion of the world. Shortly after becoming champion, Ali announced that he had become a Black Muslim and changed his name to Muhammad Ali. He defended the title eight times in the next twenty months. In the meantime, he had refused to join into the Army. As a result, his license was revoked by the New York State Boxing Commission, his title was stripped, and he was sentenced to five years in prison for draft evasion. I believe this was a big mistake. Muhammad Ali was not scared to join the army but it was against his beliefs. His refusal to be join into the military, created the largest controversy of his life. The U. S. Supreme Court overturned his conviction on June 29, 1971. Ali won the North American Boxing Federation's championship by knocking out Jimmy Ellis in the 12th round less than a month later. Bu ...

Ethical Issues in Healthcare The WritePass Journal

Ethical Issues in Healthcare ABSTRACT Ethical Issues in Healthcare ). They must ensure that the woman has all the information regarding potential risks and problems, that measures to reduce levels of pain are implemented, and that the women is aware of what to expect prior, during and after the procedure (ICMA, 2012).   Additional staffing is also necessary for the provision of more efficient medical services, as well as more empathetic and highly trained staff.   Furthermore, those women who are considering an abortion must have their concerns and the circumstances surrounding their own ethical dilemmas addressed (Tremayne, 2000; Karasahin and Keskin, 2011). It has been argued by Rosenfeld (1992) that â€Å"healthy women who want to complete an unintended pregnancy in the first trimester have few significant or negative emotional consequences† (p. 137).   Although a few women may have feelings of ambivalence or guilt, many also feel a sense of freedom and experience other positive reactions, including relief. However, the emotional response of a woman and her family to medical or therapeutic abortion is complicated. A number of factors may help address women at risk of emotional problems and depressive symptoms after abortion (Rosenfeld, 1992). Women who terminate their pregnancy during the second trimester, have a history of multiple abortions, have pre-existing psychiatric problems or have a lack of support at home are more likely to have emotional problems (Rosenfeld, 1992). By being aware of this, health professionals can implement the appropriate pre- and post-abortion care. This is also the case for women who have an abort ion for medical or genetic reasons. These women are at increased risk of developing depressive symptoms and therefore health professionals are required to provide the appropriate psychological as well as medical support (Boss, 1994). Blumberg et al. (1975) explains, â€Å"Perhaps the role of decision making and the responsibility associated with selective abortion explains [sic] the more serious depression following [the abortion]† (p. 805). Medical ethics related to abortion are most relevant when they focus on the individuals choosing to have an abortion, as opposed to just health professionals carrying out the abortion or treating the aftermath. To this end, a philosopher, focusing on medical ethics can play a vital role in exposing problems which exist within hospitals.   Ã‚  There is an enormous demand for philosophers within the healthcare setting, suggesting a common ethical, moral and social viewpoint that could facilitate advice-giving to health professionals (Polaino Lorente, 2009). International Ethical Codes In the Hippocratic Oath, abortion is connected to medical ethics in both its actual form and contemporary reformulation such as stated in the World Medical Associations 1948 Declaration of Geneva (Kivity, Borow and Shoenfeld, 2009). According to this oath, all members of the human race have a right to life and this is agreed globally in conventions such as:   Ã‚  The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1949)   Ã‚  Declaration of the Rights of the Child, which clearly refers to such rights as applying to the unborn (1959)   Ã‚  International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1976). However, the Society for the Protection of Unborn Children’s (SPUC’s) opposition to abortion is dependent on ethical principles which have masked universal acceptance (SPUC, 2012a). While the SPUC consists of members from many different religions, it is not an organisation based on religion. Nevertheless, this highlights the need of a focus on common acceptable (as opposed to religious-based) ethical dimensions in contemporary healthcare, especially in terms of considering the ethical implications of abortion. Abortion in the United Kingdom The main reason for legalising abortion in Britain was the suspected number of illegal abortions being carried out. Pro-abortionists indicated that every year, there were 100,000 illegal abortions before legalisation (SPUC, 2012b). The committee of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists provides evidence that in England and Wales, there were 15,000 illegal abortions annually in 2007 (Event, 2008). Thus, in the UK, the application of ethical theories along with related approaches to practical dilemmas in healthcare focusing on abortion is particularly important and relevant. Actual counts of legal abortions The Abortion Act was agreed in 1967 and a year later it became effective as a statute in England, Wales and Scotland. For the period of 30 years following the implementation of the Act, year on year the total number of abortions performed rose by 700% (SPUC, 2012b). In Britain, five million abortions were performed over this period. Yearly, 170,000 abortions occurred during the 15 years prior to 1997. It was over 187,000 in 1998, with more than 510 abortions a day, which was 87% higher than the pro-abortionists estimate of illegal abortions in the 1960s (Sedgh et al., 2012). Reasons for abortion Although more than 90% of abortions are authorised and performed to protect the mothers physical or mental health, the majority of these abortions are performed for social reasons rather than medical reasons, and this has become widely accepted (Corkindale et al., 2009). Indeed, in Britain abortion is efficiently practised on demand (Ingham et al., 2008). This poses further ethical implications for healthcare professionals since abortion is no longer only considered for medical reasons, but is frequently a social choice and a method of solving an unexpected or unwanted pregnancy (Koyama et al., 2005). Contraception and abortion Although the pro-life movement is reluctant to make a connection between contraception and abortion, with some contraceptives there is both a link to abortion and identification with abortion (Smith, 1993). Indeed, some contraceptives are abortifacients and work by causing early term abortion.   Furthermore, the number of abortions cannot be stopped primarily by contraception since pregnancy prevention also results in an anti-child state of mind; such unplanned babies are observed only as the unwanted result of contraceptive failure. The eugenics movement Eugenic ethics is protected as a religious belief, political philosophies, and judicial systems, and it is the reverse of the code that all human beings have equal value (Kasun, 1988). The mentality of the eugenic adjudicators is unusually narrow compared to physical, psychological or social situations (Connelly, 2008).   This leads to disabled and unborn groups. Thus, issues of disability and eugenics are remarkably relevant to the application of ethical theories focusing on practical dilemmas in healthcare. Foetal tissue in medical research The major source for research into foetal tissue is from babies that are the result of induced abortion; such research consists of the human genome project. If permission is given, the dead bodies may well be used for research, but a mother aborting her child would not likely provide such support. In research, the use of foetal tissue seems to justify abortion because it can be used to assist in the health and life of other people. At the same time, it could be argued that such research is morally wrong because it neglects the unborn babys right to life (Nie, 2002). Abortion and disability Every abortion involves an assumption that the existence of unborn babies is of lesser value than an adult humans life. It could be argued that abortion due to a disability diagnosed in the unborn child is not only an attack on the most vulnerable but on one who it is necessary to protect. It is also offensive to all disabled community members as it transmits to them the sense that they are inferior to, as well as of less worth than, the able-bodied (Sheldon and Wilkonson, 2010). Pre-natal screening In Britain, most pregnant women are offered regular pre-natal testing. It is a crucial activity, which has resulted in a greater number of women who may not have considered it before going on to have an abortion. Such tests are presented and if the results are positive for a disability, the immediate option given to parents is to make a choice between either continuing with the pregnancy or having an abortion. Britain offers pre-natal screening for disabilities only where a routine ultrasound has highlighted a potential problem, there is family medical history to suggest a child may inherit a condition, or the age of the mother puts her child at an increased risk of having, for example, Downs syndrome. In cases of artificial insemination, before implantation and hopefully fertilisation, the embryo is screened. Whilst still in the test tube embryos are monitored to determine their sex and genetic conditions, but can be superfluous. This approach prevents embryos from continuing to live (Hundt et al., 2011). Thus, medical and nursing professionals working in healthcare related to abortion must address the issues related to pre-natal screening adequately. Gene technology Genetic science is used to enhance the well-being of humanity, through exploration into gene therapy and to care for people with, for example, a genetic condition such as cystic fibrosis. However, this technology may be misused in order to limit human life. Genetic engineering attempts to engineer babies by manipulating their genes in the laboratory. However, the source from the genetic map position in the human genome program may be misused (Heinrichs, 2002). DISCUSSION The topic of abortion raises moral and ethical issues that need to be addressed by physicians, nurses, and clinic staff involved with conducting abortions.   While abortions for medical reasons are legal in Britain, some staff may question the procedure for personal and religious reasons.   Those staff   who are pro-life (and see abortion as akin to murder) will likely seek work in other settings and thus alleviate their sense of guilt.   Obstetricians, who often participate in the act of abortion, will need to have a professional view that sees the action as ethical, although some may hold private views of its morality, perhaps influenced by religious beliefs   (Chervenak and McCullough ,1990). For example, health professionals might ask the question, â€Å"When is the foetus a patient?† The answer is when it is viable, regardless of age of gestation.   Indeed, it could be argued that only the woman carrying the foetus can give a pre-viable foetus patient status. If the foetus is classified as a patient, it can be further argued that ending its life is almost never ethically justified. The statistical data discussed within this essay indicate that few abortions are actually for medical reasons, but rather for personal, social and economic reasons. This has generated a great deal of discussion in terms of the ethics of abortion.   Since the procedure is primarily used by the lower economic classes (who perhaps become pregnant because of lack of knowledge about birth control), abortion can be seen as a method to keep the future population of those likely to require government assistance in welfare and medicine somewhat reduced.   As yet, there doesn’t appear to be any political or ethical writer ready to take this issue up.   Some groups (such as African Americans) see this as an attack on their race.   Feminists likely support the procedure if it is the wish of the pregnant woman. Many health workers would continue to support abortion on demand as it eliminates reliance on illegal abortions, which were often dangerous to a woman’s health, as wa s a huge problem in the past. A few points should be made about the ethical issues posed by new technologies (such as embryos in stem cell research, sex selection and gene manipulation).   In all of these cases, decisions are being made to limit viable life.   Outka (2002) raised questions about the ethics of human stem cell research.   Many good embryos are destroyed for the sake of research.   This is seen as clearly unethical.   Outka concludes that it is acceptable to conduct research on ‘excess’ embryos by appealing to the principal of â€Å"nothing is lost. Modern science has made it easy to determine the sex of the foetus at a very early stage. If the sex is female (and the parents already have a girl), will they seek an abortion?   Is the doctor or clinic likely to raise moral and ethical concerns?   In many cultures, a son is deemed necessary, so with new technologies many female foetuses in India and China have been aborted. This raises the question of whether this cultural bias being seen in the large Indian population in the UK? 3.1. CONCLUSION Ethical Issues in healthcare related to abortion are becoming increasingly relevant, as it provides an opportunity for discussion on various dimensions of contemporary healthcare. It also examines the application of ethical theories along with related approaches focusing on abortion. However, it is suggested that medical institutes and hospitals providing safe abortions should be aware of all ethical issues and the human rights implications involved. Their workers, including doctors and nurses, should be trained on the ethical issues of abortion so that they can provide comprehensive medical care to women who consider or opt for an abortion. It is important to explore new opportunities for the in-depth study of ethical dimensions of modern healthcare, which examines the appropriate application of ethical theories and related approaches to effective dilemmas in healthcare focusing on abortion. There are many suitable applications of ethical theories and approaches to an ethical dilemma available, which mainly focus on the international and the population-control development, reasons for abortion, contraception and abortion, birth control and human life attitudes, disability and eugenics, abortion and disability, and other related ethical issues. Nevertheless, there remains a need to address each of these ethical issues specifically in terms of healthcare and the dilemmas experienced by healthcare professionals. REFERENCES Abortion Act, 1967. (C.87), London: HMSO. Aguirre, D.G. and BillingsL. 2007. Unwanted Pregnancy and Unsafe Abortion. TUFH Women and Health Taskforce. [online] Available from:   the-networktufh.org/sites/default/files/attachments/basic_pages/WHLP%20Unwanted%20Pregnancy%20and%20Unsafe%20Ab.pdf [cited 05 May 2012]. Blumberg, B.D., Golbus, M.S. and Hanson, K.H., 1975. The psychological sequelae of abortion performed for a genetic indication. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 122(799-808), p. 806. Boss, J.A., 1994. First trimester prenatal diagnosis: Earlier is not necessarily better. Journal of Medical Ethics, 20(146-151), p.147. Brody, B., 1972. Thomson on Abortion. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1(3), pp.335-340. Chervenak, F. A. and McCullough, L. B., 1990. Does obstetric ethics have any role in the obstetrician’s response to the abortion controversy?   American Journal of Obstetrics Gynaecology, 163(5 Pi), po.1425-1429. Connelly, M., 2008. Fatal Misconception: The Struggle to Control World Population   Cambridge: Belk nap Press of Harvard University Press. Corkindale, C.J., Condon, J.T., Russell, A. and Quinlivan, J.A., 2009. Factors that adolescent males take into account in decisions about an unplanned pregnancy. Journal of Adolescence, 32(4), p.995-1008. Department of Health., 2011. Abortion statistics, England and Wales: 2010. [online] Available from: dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsStatistics/DH_126769 [cited 05 May 2012]. Dudley,S. and Mueller, S. What Is Medical Abortion? National Abortion Federation. [online] Available from: prochoice.org/pubs_research/publications/downloads/about_abortion/medical_abortion.pdf [cited 05 May 2012]. Event, F.R., 2008. Proceedings of the International Consortium for Medical Abortion. Reproductive Health Matters, 16(31 Suppl), p.1-204. Harris, J., 1985. Abortion and Infanticide. Journal of Medical Ethics, 11(4), p.212. Heinrichs, L., 2002. Linking olfaction with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, recurrent abortion, hyperemesis gravidarum, and migraine headache. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 186(5 Suppl Understanding), p.S215-S219. Hundt, G.L., Bryanston, C., Lowe, P., Cross, S., Sandall, J. and Spencer, K. 2011. Inside â€Å"Inside View†: reflections on stimulating debate and engagement through a multimedia live theatre production on the dilemmas and issues of pre-natal screening policy and practice. Health expectations an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 14(1), p.1-9. Ingham, R. Lee, E., Clements, S.J. and Stone, N., 2008. Reasons for second trimester abortion in England and Wales. Reproductive Health Matters, 16(31 Suppl), p.18-29. Karasahin, K.E. and Keskin, U., 2011. Pain and abortion. Contraception, 84(3), p.337. Kasun, J., 1998. The War Against Population. San Francisco, USA: Ignatius Press. Kivity, S., Borow, M. and Shoenfeld, Y., 2009. Hippocrates’ Oath is challenged. The Israel Medical Association journal IMAJ, 11(10), pp.581-584. Koyama, A. and Williams, R., 2005. Abortion in Medical Institute Curricula. McGill Journal of Medicine, 8(2), pp.157-60. MacGuigan, M., 1994. Abortion, Conscience Democracy.   Toronto, Canada: Dundurn, Hounslow Press. Marston, C. and Cleland, J., 2003. Relationships between contraception and abortion: a review of the evidence. International Family Planning Perspectives, 29(1), pp.6-13. Nie, J.B., 2002. Chinese moral perspectives on abortion and foetal life: a historical account. New Zealand Bioethics Journal, 3(3), p.15-31. Outka, G. 2002.   The ethics of human stem cell research.   Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 12(2), pp.175-213. Polaino Lorente, A., 2009. Psychopathology and abortion. Cuadernos de bioetica revista oficial de la Asociacion Espanola de Bioetica y Etica Medica, 20(70), pp.357-380. Rosenfeld, J.A., 1992. Emotional responses to therapeutic abortion. American Family Physician, 45(1), p.137-140. Schultz, J.D., Van Assendelft, A., 1999. Encyclopedia of women in American politics. The American political landscape. (1st ed). Greenwood Publishing Group,   p. 195. Sedgh, G., Singh, S., Shah, I.H., Ahman, E., Henshaw, S.K. and Bankole, A. 2012. Induced abortion: incidence and trends worldwide from 1995 to 2008. Lancet, 6736(11), pp.1-8. Sheldon, S. and Wilkonson, S., 2010. Abortion and Disability. The disability studies reader. [online] Available from:   prochoiceforum.org.uk/aad5.asp. [cited 05 May 2012]. Smith, J., 1993. The Connection between Contraception and Abortion. University of Dallas. [online] Available from: goodmorals.org/smith4.htm [cited 05 May 2012]. SPUC, 2012. Abortion briefing. Society for the Protection of Unborn Children . [online] Available from:   spuc.org.uk/education/abortion/briefing [cited 05 May 2012]. The ICMA Information Package on Medical Abortion., 2012. Information for health care providers. INTERNATIONAL CONSORTIUM FOR MEDICAL ABORTION.   [online] Available from: medicalabortionconsortium.org/about.html [cited 05 May 2012]. Tremayne, S., 2000. Abortion in the Developing World. Journal of Medical Ethics, 26(6), pp.483-484. Warren, M.A. 2009. On the moral and legal status of abortion.   In Soifer (ed.). Ethical Issues: Perspectives for Canadians. (3rd ed). Toronto, Canada: Broadview Press.

Organizational Behavior Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organizational Behavior - Research Paper Example Therefore, only the rich could afford such a luxury. Ford set out to make an affordable car so as to target the middle class population. Also, the car’s flexible suspension system helped it to run better on the bad roads in the U.S at the time. Besides its 20-horse power engine, the car was lighter than most of the previous models. Through these additions, Henry Ford started the journey to change the status of the automobile from that of a luxury to necessity (Dodge & Casey, 2010). Some of Fords greatest achievements in my view are those not afforded due public attention. Given the difference in the state of pollution that time and now, it is critical to examine environmental saving strategies conscious or otherwise. In 1940, Ford produced a car whose body was plastic, to a large extent. This plastic, made from soy meal whose 50% protein content linked with formaldehyde, was light, and biodegradable. The car only got to prototype stage because of its biodegradable nature (Moon ey, 2009). Fordism: Henry Ford receives credit for pioneering and efficiently practicing Fordism ergo making this concept his third most noted achievement. This idea originally encompassed timely and efficient mass production of vehicle parts. Mass assembly is now applicable to other industries such as pharmaceutical production and food processing. Granted, Ford did not himself invent the conveyor belt system but his contribution stands out among the industrialist who saw this idea through. Mass production of affordable cars changed the American transport system to a considerable extent. Fordism saw Ford increase the wages of his employees by a whooping 50%. Also, this concept formed the basis for most of the decisions he made for the company. Leadership: Based on the concept of Fordism, Henry ford is a true leader. Field Marshal Slim clearly distinguishes management from leadership. He indicates that leadership encompasses personality and vision in which case he alludes to, people focus, innovation, personal power and influence. People focus: production of inexpensive or affordable goods was part of his consumer employee attitude. He was of the view that the customer’s needs are vital; therefore, he produced affordable cars that met the needs of the customers. His emphasis on satisfying the customer and the worker rather than gain profits is an excellent instant of people focus. Ford was an idealist to this he relates that this is the only way to get people, referring to his workers, to be prosperous. His view of employees was different given the period. In his opinion, employees were also customers in which case the affordability of the cars enabled them to not only purchase but also market the car. Fords focus on the employee as an asset develops from his opinion of reward and in this case monetary reward. Through welfare capitalism, Ford was able to abet labour turnover in his industries. He christened this policy, profit sharing (a tactic employed by managers in recent times to motivate employees). He is also among the first employers who successfully applied shift working, thereby, reducing the number of working hours of employees by close to half. Innovation: the trait of innovation stands out in Fords success for instance, in the Model T and subsequent automobiles such as the plastic car. Personal power and influence: Ford gave up his official, executive title early but

Product Design and Its Impact on Functional Product Information Essay

Product Design and Its Impact on Functional Product Information - Essay Example Marketers and academics agree that product design is important, and there exists a large body of managerial and quantitative research on design as a component of the new product development process. Consumer research on design, however, has been somewhat limited. Consumer behavior investigations into product appearance have included examinations of behavioral responses to product form (Silvera, Josephs, and Giesler 2002; Veryzer and Hutchinson 1998), the interaction of brand strength and design (Page and Herr 2002), the effects of repeated exposure to designs (Cox and Cox 2002), and the role of individual differences in response to design features (Bloch, Brunei and Arnold 2003; Holbrook and Schindler 1994). Bloch (1995) developed a model of consumer response to product form that outlined several stages in the design process from managerial goals through the creation of the products form to the consumer's response. Blochs model addressed the possibility of both cognitive and affectiv e responses to product form but did not speak specifically to how variations in product design might influence the nature of the cognitive or affective reactions. In a discussion of the different roles of product design, Creusen and Schoormans (2005) similarly mentioned the psychological role that product appearance might play but did not offer predictions as to the nature and direction of the influence. The current research contributes to the growing literature on product design by investigating how a product's appearance can influence the processing of functional product information. I examine the extent to which design signals quality, and how such a signal might interfere with the evaluation of more objective product information. Prior consumer research in product design has examined how aesthetics could influence quality evaluations in the absence of other information (Page and Herr 2002).

UKCCA Event Project assessment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

UKCCA Event Project assessment - Coursework Example All the activities listed above are potential fun filled activities that can be a good source of relaxation and the students that the communities living near the centre could engage in. the centre needs to clearly plan for the activity chosen and the target group of customers so that it achieves success in hosting any of the events. During this time the centre will host a couple’s night out and a special dinner party. The party should include a special dance session at the end which will be a performance by an artist to be decided upon by the organizing committee. The party whose main attraction group should be young couples who do not get the chance to go out during the year, should include themes that attract the young couples especially in collage and those that have just left collage. This group is targeted because they do not get the chance to go out often due to schooling commitments or work and at this festive time they would consider an outing. The dinner will include a meal preferably a buffet served at the restaurant. The guests who will have specific preferences will be allowed to send in their requests in time to facilitate earlier preparation. At the end of the dinner, a music band will entertain the guests and a dance will be in order to conclude the function. The party will include costs for hiring the venue in order to host the event. An ample seating space for the guests and parking should the visitors need the same. The seating allowance at each table will be as indicated by the management of the centre. The costs at each table will be at normal charges and the payment of the Disk jokey and the performing artist will be catered for by the event crew. In addition, more ushering staff will also be hired by the organizing committee. For the entire plan of financing the whole party, kindly see the

Patriot Act Essay Example for Free

Patriot Act Essay An act was created in the dark days following the terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001. It was created to allow the agencies of law enforcement and intelligence to have more authority in order to prevent any future attacks by terrorists on the United States. Additionally, it made available monitoring tools within the United States to aggressively address the Bush administrations domestic war on terrorism. The draft title of the act was â€Å"Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001†. However, today it is better known as the USA Patriot Act. The Patriot Act was responsible for drastic changes in over 15 important government and constitutional statues. All which lead to the increased ability of the government and law enforcement to secretly monitor, conduct surveillance, and investigate anyone at anytime. Previous to September 11, 2001 there were several attempts by the Republican Party to allow for the electronic surveillance of citizens within the United States however these provisions were highly criticized as being anti-constitutional and therefore anti-American. It was this single act of terrorism which promoted Congress to tear apart the rights granted to every citizen in the United States Constitution and allow the rights of privacy to be completely subordinated. When asked why, congressional officials always cite the 9/11 terrorists attacks. Even the former White House John Podesta challenged their decisions stating that the devastating events of 9/11 emotionally pressured the members of Congress to agree to allow new legal implements to help fight the terrorists. He continues â€Å"But we should not forget what gave rise to the original opposition- many aspects of the bill increase the opportunity for law enforcement and the intelligence community to return to an era where they monitored and sometimes harassed individuals who were merely exercising their First Amendment rights. † After the establishment of the specific content of the Patriot Act, congress was given only a single week to pass the act. John Ashcroft not only had a time limit but also required there would be absolutely no changes to the act. Several congressman headed by the the Vermonts Patrick Leahy did convince the Department of Justice to make some changes and gradually members of Congress worked together and improvements were made. The process was not fast enough for John Ashcroft and he pressured Congress and the public by repeatedly warning that additional terrorists attacks were upon the United States and only Congress had the power to stop them by passing the Patriot Act. At that point all the revisions to the act were taken away and was passed. The Act was passed 357–66 in the House of Representatives. President Bush signed the Patriot Act into law on 26 October, 2001. What is most baffling about the Patriot Act is very few people can actually explain what the Patriot Act is and what is says. John Ashcroft on several occasions tried to explain exactly what the details of the Patriot Act is: Prosecutors will seek judicial authority to intercept communications related to an expanded list of terrorism-related crimes such as: the development, possession, or use of chemical or biological weapons; financial transaction with a terrorist government; or providing material support to terrorists or terrorist organizations. Investigators will use `roving wiretaps to intercept communications and thereby thwart the ability of terrorists to evade surveillance by switching phones or communication devices. Investigators will now aggressively pursue terrorists on the internet. The legislation permits investigators to obtain senders and receivers e-mail addresses just as it is done with telephone surveillance. Terrorists employ sophisticated technologies to evade detection and the legislation updates the law to the technology. Investigators will use search warrants to obtained unopened voice mail and e-mail. However, the most important parts of the Patriot Act were left out of his description. Under the stipulations of the act, obtaining warrants are much easier. It also approves unspecified search warrants to be used without notification. These particular components are in direct contrast to those given to all citizens in the Fourth Amendment which gives protection against â€Å"unreasonable searches and seizures. † The the real power the Patriot Act is in the subpoena. This allows the authorities to search and find credit card and bank account information of any suspected terrorists on the world wide web. This â€Å"will allow investigators to identify the terrorist who hides behind a fictitious internet name. The question remains how does the government determine who is a potential terrorist or not- could it be you or me? The truth is there is no defined methodology. Therefore, this allows the FBI to order anyone  to turn over anything  for any  reason. These pieces of information can include library records, medical records, business records, emails, and student information. This is legal as long as the FBI believes the information will help in an â€Å"authorized investigation†. This is extremely vague and all inclusive. This is a clear violation of privacy rights outlined in the Constitution. The Patriot Act continues that only a single court order is needed to do a communication search that is world wide. Under normal circumstances the court order is only effective in the judicial district it was initiated in. It continues Law enforcement and intelligence committees will share information on terrorist activities and thus better coordinate their efforts to prevent terrorism. It is obvious that the Patriot Act is actually a secret tool which can be used against terrorism but can also be used anytime against anyone the government feels necessary. Mark Corallo of the Department of Justice, was quoted as saying â€Å"The Patriot Act was not meant to be just for terrorism. An article in Newsweek has reported that the government had used the provisions set up in the Patriot Act, to investigate 1000 people who have had absolutely no terrorisms connection. Many critics draw a comparisons to Orwells 1984 in which the general public was constantly monitored. Tampering with the founding document of the United States is a bad idea and no matter how many times the President of the United States states that The Patriot Act defends our liberty,† it simply is not true. Benjamin Franklin, a great American thinker, said decades ago Those who are willing to give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety. By passing and using the Patriot Act we are giving up our liberty for safety and in this case pseudo it is safety. The Patriot Act allows the government to treat every citizens as a potential terrorist. Based on that idea the government has the legal ability to question, search, and detain anyone. In recent months the Patriot Act has been renewed temporarily. However, it is clear that both members of Congress and the general population have lost faith and confidence in George Bush – in his actions and words. There are a number of outspoken critics of the Patriot Act including the American Civil Liberties Union who believed that the â€Å"Act gives the attorney general and federal law enforcement unnecessary and permanent new powers to violate civil liberties† and these infringements go way beyond those necessary for fighting terrorism. Many congressional officials who voted for the act in 2001 believe they made a mistake. John Kerry has been extremely open of his opinion that the Patriot Act was misrepresented and misused by the government. To be passed again, the Patriot Act must have substantial changes which will restore those rights granted to all American citizens. In fact there are almost no supporters of the Patriot Act as is, excluding those directly involved the Bush Administration. The governmentally run site which lists the reasons why the Patriot Act is beneficial lists the reasons why the act improves â€Å"counter-terrorism efforts. † They list four reasons including the following: the ability to readily investigate organized crime and the trafficking of drugs, allows information to be shared between governmental intelligence agencies, addresses new technology which is used in potential terrorist organizations, and increased the criminal punishment for terrorist activities. They also had the audacity to include on their web pages quotes of the Declaration of Independence as support for the the constitutionally debilitating provisions of the Patriot Act. The Patriot Act not only contradicts the United States Constitution but makes a mockery of the the hard work our founding fathers did to secure liberties for all of America and its citizens. By enacting into law our governmental officials took way our unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Our actions in the passing of the Patriot Act, the mistreatment of those who simply â€Å"look† like terrorists, and our self righteous behavior abroad in Iraq supports the idea that the United States is gradually becoming what killed all those people on September 11th, 2001 – a terrorist nation. And how long will the world wait and placidly watch America reek the same devastation worldwide?